Hong Kong International Airport (HKG)
Airport Overview
Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA), bearing the IATA code HKG and ICAO code VHHH, is one of the most strategically important aviation facilities in the world — and by one key metric, the most important of all. Since 2010, it has been the world's busiest airport for air cargo, a title it has held every year since (excluding 2020 pandemic disruption), and one it reclaimed as recently as 2024/25 fiscal year, handling 5.0 million tonnes of freight — a 10.3% year-on-year increase — cementing the airport's role as the undisputed cargo capital of global aviation. Built entirely on the reclaimed island of Chek Lap Kok off western Lantau Island, approximately 34 km from central Hong Kong, HKIA is not merely an airport but an engineering monument to what urban necessity and determined government planning can achieve.
The airport's origin story is inseparable from the legend of its predecessor: Kai Tak Airport, located inside the dense Kowloon district, accessible via the infamous "checkerboard turn" — a mandatory 45-degree banking manoeuvre at below 500 feet, threading between apartment buildings, past a distinctive orange-and-white checkerboard hillside, before touchdown on a runway protruding into the harbour. Kai Tak was one of aviation's most celebrated and feared airports; landing there required exceptional skill and nerve. But by the late 1980s, capacity was catastrophically overwhelmed — by 1996, Kai Tak was handling 29.5 million passengers and 1.65 million tonnes of cargo against a design capacity of 24 million. Aircraft noise tormented 340,000 residents. Night flights were banned. Airlines threatened to route around Hong Kong entirely. In October 1989, the colonial government announced the solution: an entirely new airport on 1,248 hectares of reclaimed land at Chek Lap Kok, connected to the mainland by new bridges, roads, and a rail link — at an eventual cost of approximately HK$155 billion (US$20 billion), considered at the time one of the largest construction projects in human history.
On 6 July 1998, at 1:20 AM, Kai Tak's runway lights went dark after 73 years. At 6:27 AM the same morning, Cathay Pacific Flight CX889 touched down on Chek Lap Kok's new runway — the first commercial arrival at Hong Kong International Airport. The relocation of an entire international airport in a single overnight operation, using 1,000 road vehicles, trains, and barges to move equipment, remains one of the most remarkable logistical achievements in aviation history. The opening week was marred by IT failures in the cargo system — the new HACTL cargo terminal had to close briefly on Day 2, forcing a temporary reactivation of Kai Tak's freight facilities — but passenger operations performed exceptionally. Within months, HKIA had established itself as the successor worthy of Kai Tak's legacy.
The airport's physical scale is extraordinary. Terminal 1 — designed by Sir Norman Foster and Partners — opened in 1998 as the largest passenger terminal building in the world, a single vast structure of steel and glass with a sweeping undulating roof that draws visual inspiration from the mountainous terrain of the New Territories and the sea. It remains one of the largest airport buildings in the world. The airport occupies 12.48 square kilometres of reclaimed land, with a 34 km causeway and road/rail connection to the urban areas.
In November 2024, HKIA commissioned its Three-Runway System (3RS) — the culmination of an HK$141.5 billion ($18 billion USD) expansion project that began construction in August 2016, reclaimed an additional 650 hectares north of the existing island (roughly the size of Gibraltar), and added a third runway, a new Automated People Mover system, and the foundations for an expanded Terminal 2. With all three runways now operational, HKIA's ultimate target capacity is 120 million passengers and 10 million tonnes of cargo annually within approximately a decade. The first phase of the new Terminal 2 opened in September 2025, marking the beginning of the airport's next major passenger-facing transformation.
In the 2024 calendar year, HKIA handled 53.1 million passengers — a 34.3% year-on-year increase — and 4.9 million tonnes of cargo (+14%), with 363,305 flight movements (+31.6%). In fiscal year 2024/25 (ended March 2025), these figures rose further to 54.9 million passengers (+21.6% YoY), 5.0 million tonnes of cargo (+10.3%), and 373,050 flight movements (+20.5%). While impressive, the 53–55 million passenger figure still represents recovery-in-progress compared to the 2019 pre-pandemic peak of 71.5 million — a gap attributable partly to the prolonged COVID-19 border closure period that was uniquely severe in Hong Kong, and partly to structural shifts in the aviation market. First half of 2025 showed continued momentum, with 29.4 million passengers in January–June 2025 (+16.5% YoY).
The airport's primary carrier is Cathay Pacific (oneworld), supplemented by HK Express (Cathay's low-cost subsidiary), Hong Kong Airlines, Greater Bay Airlines, and Air Hong Kong (cargo). Over 100 airlines serve approximately 180 destinations across the globe, with approximately 900 scheduled flights per day of which 76% are wide-body operations. The airport employs approximately 60,000 people on-site and generates an estimated US$33 billion in annual economic impact for Hong Kong — approximately 10% of the city's GDP.
Looking forward, the airport is transforming itself into a concept it calls SKYTOPIA — unveiled in January 2025 — a comprehensive Airport City vision combining expanded terminals with the adjacent SkyCity development, the 11 Skies mega-entertainment complex by K11/New World Development (scheduled for phased opening from mid-2026), expanded cargo logistics platforms including the HKIA Dongguan Logistics Park (sea-air intermodal hub), and a 35% equity stake in Zhuhai Airport acquired in 2024/25. The ambition is to make HKIA not merely a transit point but a destination in its own right — a 25-hectare urban complex offering retail, entertainment, hotels, offices, and cultural programming — drawing both travelers and Greater Bay Area residents who aren't flying at all.
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Terminals & Gates
Terminal 1 — The Norman Foster Masterpiece
Terminal 1 is the airport's original and primary passenger building, designed by Sir Norman Foster and Partners and opened in 1998 as the world's largest airport terminal. Its most distinctive feature is the sweeping Y-shaped roof — a continuous undulating canopy of glass and steel covering approximately 550,000 square metres — inspired by the form of flight itself, with light-filled internal spaces that create a sense of expansive calm despite the building's enormous scale. The terminal operates across multiple levels:
- Level 7 (Departures): Check-in hall, security, immigration, and the upper concourse level. Cathay Pacific First Class check-in and the dedicated priority security lanes are on this level.
- Level 6 (Departures, airside): Main departure concourse with gates 1–6, gate areas for Cathay Pacific and international departures, lounge access (The Wing, The Pier, The Bridge, The Deck). Shopping and dining throughout.
- Level 5 (Transit/Midfield): Internal Automated People Mover (APM) connects to the T1 Midfield Concourse and T1 North Satellite Concourse. Plaza Premium Lounges access. Gates 200–230 and 500s series in Midfield.
- Level 4 (Transfers and Services): Transfer desks, baggage claim, and connections to the Ground Transportation Centre
- Level 1–3 (Arrivals): Immigration, baggage claim, customs, Airport Express station, and the Ground Transportation Centre (GTC) for buses and taxis.
T1 houses approximately 60 food and beverage outlets and nearly 200 retail shops. The T1 Midfield Concourse (opened December 2015) and the T1 North Satellite Concourse (NSC, opened 2010) are extensions connected by the APM "people mover" — a driverless shuttle running at up to 60 km/h, completing the loop from T1 Main to Midfield Concourse in under 3 minutes. As of July 2025, there are 49 frontal stands at T1 Main Concourse, 9 at the Satellite Concourse, and 19 at the Midfield Concourse — 77 frontal stands in total at T1, with 8 capable of accommodating the Airbus A380.
A notable landmark within T1 is the Sky Garden — a lush indoor green space with live plants and natural light, offering a peaceful counterpoint to the commercial energy of the concourses. A dedicated children's playground is also located in T1.
The Sky Bridge (opened November 2022) connects Terminal 1 with the T1 Satellite Concourse directly, providing a dramatic elevated walkway as an alternative to the APM for shorter connection distances.
Terminal 2 — Expanded and Reopening in Phases (from September 2025)
Terminal 2 (T2) was originally a limited check-in-only terminal that opened in 2007. It was closed in 2019 to undergo a massive HK$20+ billion expansion as part of the Three-Runway System project, transforming it from a check-in annex into a full-service terminal with arrivals, departures, immigration, security, and extensive retail and lounge facilities. Phase 1 of the new T2 opened on 23 September 2025, marking the beginning of the airport's next major capacity phase.
When fully complete, the expanded T2 — connected to its dedicated T2 Concourse (also called the Third Runway Concourse or TRC) via a new 2,600-metre Automated People Mover system running at 80 km/h and capable of transporting 10,800 passengers per hour — will add approximately 60+ aircraft gates and handle an additional 30 million passengers annually. The T2 Concourse features 57 new aircraft parking positions (34 frontal, 23 remote), a new baggage handling system processing 9,600 bags/hour, and new retail and lounge spaces. Airlines are being allocated between T1 and T2 in a process underway from 2025, with Cathay Pacific confirmed to remain at T1.
T2 is adjacent to the AsiaWorld-Expo — Hong Kong's largest convention and exhibition centre — and the SkyCity precinct, which includes the Hong Kong SkyCity Marriott Hotel and the future 11 Skies entertainment complex.
Automated People Mover (APM)
HKIA operates two APM systems. The original APM connects T1 Main Building with the T1 North Satellite Concourse and the T1 Midfield Concourse — running continuously and completing a full circuit in approximately 5–6 minutes. The new APM connecting T2 to the T2 Concourse (Third Runway Concourse) operates at 80 km/h and is separate from the T1 system. Connections between T1 and T2 are made via dedicated shuttle bus or the Airport Express (one stop, about HK$5.5 with Octopus). Both APM systems are free and operate 24/7.
Cathay Pacific Lounges — Overview
Cathay Pacific operates what is widely considered one of the finest airline lounge ecosystems in the world at HKIA — a network of five distinct lounge facilities (as of 2025) within Terminal 1:
- The Wing First Class Lounge (T1 East Hall, Level 7, near Gates 1–4): Cathay Pacific's flagship first class sanctuary, currently undergoing renovation (expected completion 2026). During renovation, first class passengers are directed to The Deck. Features: private cabanas (The Haven restaurant, with à la carte dim sum and international cuisine), The Wing's famous hair salon, Cabana shower suites. Hours: 5:30 AM – 00:30.
- The Deck First Class Lounge (T1 East Hall, Level 7, near Gate 6): Repurposed since May 2025 as the primary First Class lounge while The Wing renovates. Accessible to Cathay Pacific First, oneworld First passengers. Hours: 5:30 AM – 00:30.
- The Wing Business Class Lounge (T1 East Hall, Level 6, near Gates 2–3): One of the world's most admired business lounges. Features a dramatic Long Bar with runway views, Asian-inspired buffet, private workstations, shower rooms. Accessible to Cathay Pacific Business, oneworld Business (Sapphire+), and Cathay Gold members. Hours: 5:30 AM – 00:30.
- The Pier Business Class Lounge (T1 West Hall, Level 6, near Gate 65): Second major business lounge with à la carte dining, noodle bar, bar, shower suites, business areas. Similar access to The Wing Business. Hours: 5:30 AM – last departure (~3:20 AM on some nights).
- The Bridge Business Class Lounge (T1 West Hall, Level 5, near Gates 35–36 by APM): Reopened in May 2025 with a refreshed elevated design. Serves connecting and midfield concourse passengers. Accessible same as Wing/Pier Business Class. Hours: 5:30 AM – 00:30.
Access rules: Cathay Pacific and oneworld First Class passengers access First Class lounges. Cathay Pacific and oneworld Business Class (including oneworld Sapphire status) passengers access Business Class lounges regardless of ticket class. Cathay Pacific Green and Silver status members do NOT access Cathay lounges — they use Plaza Premium Lounges.
Other Lounges
- Plaza Premium Lounges: Multiple locations throughout T1 (near Gates 1, 35, and 60). Open to Priority Pass, Dragon Pass, credit card holders, and walk-in passengers. The largest independent lounge network at HKIA. Used by many non-Cathay airlines (Air China, China Eastern, China Southern, etc.) for their premium passengers. Facilities: hot showers, hot food buffet, bar, business services, quiet zones.
- The Centurion Lounge (American Express) (T1, near Gate 65): Premium AmEx Platinum and Centurion cardholder lounge with high-end dining and amenities.
- SilverKris Lounge (Singapore Airlines) (T1, Level 6, near Gate 5): For SIA First and Business Class and KrisFlyer Elite Gold members.
- Qantas Hong Kong Lounge (T1, Level 7, near Gate 5): For QF First and Business Class and Qantas/oneworld premium status members.
- Emirates Lounge (T1, Level 7, near Gate 40)
- United Club (T1, Level 7, near Gate 60): Closed during COVID-19, reopened October 8, 2025.
- Club Autus (T1 Midfield Concourse, Level 7, near Gates 201–230): For midfield concourse departures; pay-per-entry or selected airline status access.
Transportation Guide
Getting to and from Hong Kong International Airport
HKIA's location on Chek Lap Kok island — 34 km from Central — makes it one of the more distant major airports from its city center in Asia. However, this distance is almost entirely negated by the Airport Express MTR line, which makes the journey from the airport to Hong Kong Island in just 24 minutes with departures every 10 minutes. The Airport Express is the overwhelmingly preferred option for most travelers, and its in-town check-in service (available at Hong Kong and Kowloon stations) is a standout amenity that allows passengers to deposit checked luggage in the city and travel to the airport unencumbered.
Airport Express (MTR) — Recommended
The Airport Express is a dedicated high-speed MTR rail line connecting the airport directly to Hong Kong Station in Central (24 minutes), with intermediate stops at Kowloon Station (25 min from airport) and Tsing Yi Station (17 min from airport). Trains run every 10 minutes and operate approximately 5:54 AM to 12:48 AM (Airport → Hong Kong Station; first/last times vary slightly by direction and station — verify on MTR website). The Airport Express runs on a fully separate track from the regular MTR network, guaranteeing no crowding from commuter traffic and consistent journey times regardless of rush hour.
- Airport to Hong Kong Station (Central): 24 min
- Airport to Kowloon Station: ~19 min
- Airport to Tsing Yi Station: ~12 min
- Fare (single journey ticket): HK$130 (Hong Kong Station), HK$115 (Kowloon Station), HK$80 (Tsing Yi Station)
- Fare (Octopus Card): HK$120 (Hong Kong Station), HK$105 (Kowloon Station), HK$73 (Tsing Yi Station) — Octopus saves ~8% vs. single ticket
- Same-day return: Available at a discount (approx. HK$205 for Hong Kong–Airport round trip on Octopus) — must use same Octopus card both ways
- 30-day return: HK$215 (Hong Kong), HK$195 (Kowloon), HK$130 (Tsing Yi)
- Ticket purchase: Octopus card (accepted at all MTR stations, convenience stores, airport Arrival Hall counter A13 — open 8 AM to 9 PM). Ticket machines in the Arrivals Hall at the airport. No fare gates at the Airport station — tap on exit at destination. International credit cards and QR code tickets accepted.
- Free MTR connection: After exiting the Airport Express at Hong Kong, Kowloon, or Tsing Yi station with an Octopus card, you receive a free onward MTR journey within 1 hour on any regular MTR line — a significant perk eliminating the need to purchase a second ticket.
In-town check-in service is available at Hong Kong Station and Kowloon Station for passengers flying Cathay Pacific, Hong Kong Airlines, Qantas, and Singapore Airlines (Hong Kong Station only for SIA). Available from 24 hours up to 90 minutes before scheduled departure. Check in, receive your boarding pass, and drop off your checked luggage in the city — then travel to the airport bag-free and proceed directly to immigration and security. This service is free and transforms the airport experience, especially for travelers with large luggage.
Taxi
Taxis are available 24/7 from the designated taxi stands outside the Arrivals Hall, organized by service area and colour-coded. An airport staff coordinator is present to assist passengers. Note that all airport trips incur a mandatory Cross-Harbour Tunnel/Airport Tunnel toll surcharge of approximately HK$45 per trip, added to the meter fare.
- Red Taxis — Serve urban areas: Hong Kong Island and Kowloon. Most common at the airport. Urban flag-fall (July 2024 tariff): HK$28 for first 2 km, then HK$1.90 per 200 m.
- Green Taxis — New Territories only
- Blue Taxis — Lantau Island only (including Tung Chung, Disneyland, Ngong Ping)
Estimated total fares from the airport (including tunnel tolls and luggage surcharge of HK$6 per piece):
| Destination | Approx. Fare (HKD) | Approx. USD | Time |
|---|---|---|---|
| Central / Hong Kong Island | HK$350–450 | ~$45–58 | 30–55 min |
| Tsim Sha Tsui / Kowloon | HK$250–350 | ~$32–45 | 25–45 min |
| New Territories (Sha Tin, Tsuen Wan) | HK$150–250 | ~$19–32 | 20–35 min |
| Tung Chung (Lantau) | HK$65–120 | ~$8–15 | 10–15 min |
| Disneyland (Lantau) | HK$100–160 | ~$13–21 | 15–20 min |
Payment: Cash (HKD) is the standard. Card acceptance is inconsistent — carry HKD or ask before boarding. The HKTaxi app supports English, allows pre-booking, ride tracking, and electronic payment, making it the best option for card-paying visitors.
CityFlyer Bus (Citybus / New World First Bus)
Multiple bus routes connect the airport to all parts of Hong Kong, departing from the Ground Transportation Centre below the Arrivals Hall. Buses are clean, air-conditioned, and generally comfortable, running from early morning to midnight for most routes with some 24-hour overnight services. The main advantage over the Airport Express is lower cost (~HK$20–50 depending on destination) and the ability to be dropped at stops closer to hotels not near Airport Express stations. The main disadvantage is journey time — typically 45–90 minutes depending on destination and traffic, considerably longer than the Airport Express. Route highlights:
- A11: Airport → Hong Kong Station via Hong Kong Island north (Sheung Wan, Central, Wan Chai, Causeway Bay); ~60–90 min; HK$40
- A21: Airport → Kowloon (Tsim Sha Tsui, Yau Ma Tei, Mong Kok); ~55–75 min; HK$33
- E11: Airport → Kowloon East (Kwun Tong, Lam Tin); HK$20 — cheapest option for eastern Kowloon
- Overnight routes (N routes): Available for late-night arrivals when the Airport Express is not running
Ferries and Cross-Boundary Transport (SkyPier)
HKIA's SkyPier provides a unique and useful service for passengers connecting to destinations in the Pearl River Delta (Greater Bay Area) without entering Hong Kong proper. SkyPier ferries connect directly to:
- Guangzhou (Nansha Port), Zhongshan, Zhuhai (Jiuzhou), Macau (Outer Harbour and Taipa), Shenzhen (Shekou, Fuyong)
- Passengers check in at the ferry terminal and proceed directly to the airside restricted zone, connecting to their international flight without clearing Hong Kong immigration — a major convenience for GBA-based travelers
- In August 2023, a new SkyPier Terminal connected to the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HZMB), allowing bonded bus transfers from Zhuhai and Macao for airside connections
Car Rental
Major international car rental operators — Avis, Hertz, Budget, Europcar, Sixt, and local operators — have counters in the Arrivals Hall. Driving in Hong Kong is left-hand traffic (British-style). Roads are well-maintained, GPS-guided, and English-signposted, but traffic congestion in Kowloon and the Territories can be severe. The Airport Express and taxis are strongly preferred for airport-city trips. Car rental is most practical for exploration of the New Territories, Lantau Island countryside, or Sai Kung peninsula.
Transport Summary
| Transport | Time to Central HK | Fare (approx.) | Hours | Best for |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Airport Express MTR | 24 min | HK$120 (Octopus) | ~5:54 AM – 12:48 AM | Everyone; first choice for city |
| Red Taxi | 30–55 min | HK$350–450 | 24/7 | Groups, luggage, late night, door-to-door |
| CityFlyer Bus (A11) | 60–90 min | HK$40 | Approx. 6 AM – midnight | Budget, nearby hotel stops |
| SkyPier Ferry | n/a (GBA) | HK$180–350 | Multiple daily sailings | Guangzhou, Macau, Zhuhai, Shenzhen |
| Private Transfer | 30–55 min | HK$400–800+ | 24/7 | Families, VIP, fixed price comfort |
Hotels Near the Airport
On-Airport Hotels
Regal Airport Hotel is the airport's primary on-property hotel, connected to Terminal 1 via an elevated walkway. It is the only hotel with direct airside terminal access — a significant advantage for transit passengers or those with very early departures. The hotel offers full 5-star facilities: 1,171 guest rooms, multiple restaurants, a swimming pool, gym, and spa. Rates vary considerably by season but typically range from HK$1,200–2,500 (~$155–320 USD) for a standard room. Day-use rooms are available for transit passengers requiring a few hours of rest without booking a full night. The hotel is directly connected by covered walkway — no outdoor exposure required regardless of weather or time of day.
Hong Kong SkyCity Marriott Hotel is located adjacent to the AsiaWorld-Expo centre and connected to T2/SkyCity, a short shuttle or APM ride from T1. Well-suited for passengers connecting via T2 or arriving via SkyPier ferry. Full-service Marriott property with 658 rooms, restaurants, pool, gym. Rates typically HK$1,100–2,200/night.
Hotels in Tung Chung (5 min from airport by taxi or shuttle)
Tung Chung is the new town built in tandem with the airport on Lantau Island, connected to the airport by the Airport Express (1 stop, ~2 min) and taxis (~10 min). It offers a cluster of hotels significantly cheaper than the city center and more convenient for early-morning or late-night flights:
- Novotel Citygate Hong Kong (4-star): Directly connected to Citygate Outlets mall and the Airport Express Tung Chung Line. Rates from HK$700–1,500/night. Excellent value for airport-adjacent accommodation.
- Courtyard by Marriott Hong Kong Tung Chung: Mid-range business hotel, ~12 min from the airport by taxi. Rates from HK$800–1,600/night.
- Marriott Hotel Tung Chung: Full-service Marriott, 10 min to airport. Rates from HK$1,200–2,200/night.
- Hyatt Regency Hong Kong Tsim Sha Tsui: Not near the airport, but included for context — city center hotels add 30–55 min transit time, generally requiring overnight stay rather than pre-flight convenience.
For passengers needing an airport hotel for a late-night arrival and early-morning connection: the Regal Airport Hotel's direct terminal connection makes it the premium choice. For budget transit stays, Novotel Citygate in Tung Chung offers the best value-to-convenience ratio.
---Parking Options & Rates
On-Airport Parking
HKIA operates two primary car park facilities: Car Park 1 (covered multi-storey, short-term) adjacent to the Passenger Terminal, and Car Park 2 (long-term, open-air/covered sections). A third facility serves the AsiaWorld-Expo. Shuttle buses connect Car Park 2 to the terminals on a continuous loop.
| Car Park | Type | Rate (approx.) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Car Park 1 (Short-Term) | Covered, adjacent to T1 | HK$20–30 first 30 min; HK$35–40/hr thereafter; max ~HK$300–400/day | Best for drop-off/pick-up; expensive for multi-day |
| Car Park 2 (Long-Term) | Covered + open sections | ~HK$200–250/day | Shuttle to terminals; reserve online for discount |
| Car Park 2 (Economy) | Open air | ~HK$150–180/day | Cheapest option; shuttle required; advance booking recommended |
Online booking via the HKIA website or My HKG app is available and recommended, particularly during Chinese New Year, Golden Week, Easter, and summer peak. Online reservations typically yield 10–15% discount versus walk-up rates. The My HKG app also allows passengers to monitor car park availability in real time and extend reservations remotely.
Practical notes: Long-term parking (5+ days) at HKIA is expensive by international standards due to land scarcity. For stays longer than 3–4 days, many Hong Kong residents prefer dropping their car in Tung Chung and taking the Airport Express (1-stop, HK$2.5 Octopus with Tung Chung Line), or using valet/concierge services offered by some Tung Chung car parks. For international visitors, taxis or the Airport Express are almost always preferable to car rental for pure airport-city transit.
---Services & Facilities
Wi-Fi
Free Wi-Fi is available throughout HKIA under the network names "#HKAirport Free WiFi" and "#HKAirport Hi-Speed WiFi". Connection requires opening a browser and entering any URL (avoid HTTPS-prefixed URLs as the initial redirect page is HTTP). No registration, time limit, or data cap for the standard network. The Hi-Speed Wi-Fi network is faster and may require accepting a brief terms page. Coverage is comprehensive across all terminals, concourses, APM stations, and the Ground Transportation Centre. Power sockets and USB charging stations are available at gate seating areas throughout T1 and T2. Free charging USB ports are also provided on Airport Express trains (first and last carriages).
Octopus Card
The Octopus Card is Hong Kong's universal contactless stored-value card, accepted on essentially all public transport (Airport Express, MTR, buses, trams, ferries), and for payment at convenience stores, supermarkets, restaurants, vending machines, and parking meters throughout Hong Kong. For any visitor spending more than a few hours in the city, it is an essential purchase. Octopus Cards are available from counter A13 in the Arrival Hall (open 8:00 AM – 9:00 PM) or at the Airport Express customer service counters. A new card costs HK$150 including HK$100 stored credit and a HK$50 refundable deposit. International credit card-linked Octopus (via the Octopus app) is also available for visitors who prefer not to carry a physical card.
Cargo Supremacy
HKIA's status as the world's busiest cargo airport is not merely a statistical milestone — it defines the airport's fundamental character and drives a significant portion of its physical design. The Air Logistics Area (ALA) on the south side of the airport contains the world's most sophisticated cargo terminal complex, including Super Terminal One (ST1), operated by HACTL, which processes over 2.6 million tonnes of cargo per year from a single automated facility — one of the world's largest. DHL's Central Asia Hub at HKIA, established in 2004, is the company's primary Asia-Pacific express cargo gateway. UPS operates one of its major Asia-Pacific hubs from HKIA. Cathay Pacific Cargo is the world's largest international air cargo carrier by scheduled freight tonne-kilometres.
The cargo dominance stems from Hong Kong's unique position as the world's leading re-export hub for electronics, pharmaceuticals, and high-value goods flowing between mainland China's manufacturing base and global markets. Despite political and economic changes since 2020, the logistics infrastructure advantage — built over decades — remains formidable. In 2024/25 fiscal year, HKIA handled 5.0 million tonnes of cargo, ranking it #1 globally for the 14th time.
Smart Airport Technology
HKIA is considered the global leader in deploying autonomous and AI-driven technology in a live airport environment. Key implementations:
- Autonomous Electric Tractors (AETs): Driverless electric vehicles towing baggage and cargo across the apron, operational across T1 Main and Midfield Concourse — HKIA operates the world's largest fleet of autonomous airport vehicles in active service
- Smart Check-in Kiosks: Movable self-service kiosks for expedited check-in across all terminal areas
- Self Bag-Drop: Passengers can tag their own luggage at automated bag-drop counters
- Biometric e-channels: Automated immigration clearance at departure security screening
- My HKG App: Official HKIA mobile app with real-time flight tracking, indoor navigation/wayfinding, car park booking, and public transport information
- Touchless Journey: HKIA promotes a near-touchless passenger flow from check-in to boarding for enabled passengers
Shopping and Dining
T1 houses approximately 200 retail shops and 60+ food and beverage outlets across its various concourse levels. The retail mix spans luxury brands (no single dominant luxury complex comparable to Changi Jewel), international fashion, electronics, local Hong Kong products, and standard airport duty-free (cosmetics, spirits, tobacco). The Sky Plaza retail zone at T2 (as T2 opens in phases from September 2025) adds significant new retail capacity with new-to-Hong Kong concepts. Dining highlights include multiple dim sum restaurants offering Cantonese cuisine (the essential Hong Kong food experience), noodle bars, international quick-service outlets, sit-down Asian fusion restaurants, and coffee chains. Most dining is post-security, but the Arrivals Hall has basic options for meeters, greeters, and drivers.
Connectivity to Greater Bay Area (GBA)
HKIA occupies a strategically unique position as the international aviation gateway for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) — a mega-cluster of approximately 86 million people across Hong Kong, Macao, and nine Pearl River Delta cities that collectively constitute one of the world's most economically productive regions. The airport provides several GBA connectivity modes beyond air travel:
- SkyPier ferry connections: Direct ferry services to Guangzhou, Zhongshan, Zhuhai, Macau, and Shenzhen ports, with airside transfers available without entering Hong Kong
- HZMB bus connections: Bonded bus services via the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (opened 2018) connecting Zhuhai and Macao to the airport's airside restricted zone — a 2023 innovation enabling seamless international-to-regional connectivity
- HKIA Dongguan Logistics Park: A sea-air intermodal transshipment hub for freight, processed RMB18 billion in cargo value in 2024/25
- Zhuhai Airport equity stake: In 2024/25, HKIA acquired 35% of Zhuhai Airport's shares — a strategic investment positioning HKIA to deepen integration with the western GBA airport cluster
Facilities: Currency, Medical, Prayer
Currency exchange counters and ATMs (accepting international Visa, Mastercard, and UnionPay) are located throughout the Arrivals Hall and airside. Exchange rates at airport counters are less favourable than Hong Kong city centre banks and exchange shops — ATM withdrawal is generally the most efficient option for HKD. Hong Kong's currency is the Hong Kong Dollar (HKD), pegged to the USD at approximately 7.8 HKD = $1 USD.
Medical clinics (24-hour) and pharmacy services are available in T1. AED defibrillators are installed throughout all concourses. A hospital-grade medical centre serves both passengers and the airport workforce. Nursing rooms for mothers are available on multiple levels.
Multi-faith prayer rooms and a Christian Chapel are available airside in T1. Muslim prayer rooms include ablution facilities. Locations are marked on the airport's terminal maps and My HKG app.
Luggage storage is available at the left-luggage counters in T1 Arrivals Hall, with rates from approximately HK$50–100 per item per day depending on size. Useful for transit passengers exploring the city on a layover.
SKYTOPIA — The Airport City Vision (from 2025)
SKYTOPIA, unveiled by AAHK in January 2025, is the new brand and comprehensive blueprint for transforming HKIA from an airport into an "Airport City" — a destination that draws visitors regardless of whether they are flying. The centrepiece is the adjacent SkyCity precinct, anchored by the 11 Skies complex (3.8 million sq ft, developed by New World Development / K11) which is planned to offer retail, F&B, entertainment, offices, art, and culture in a mega-complex comparable to Singapore's Jewel Changi (but significantly larger). 11 Skies is scheduled for phased opening from mid-2026. Additional SKYTOPIA elements include a 1,000-room hotel development, the Zhuhai Airport partnership, the Dongguan Logistics Park, and the full buildout of T2 and the T2 Concourse. When complete, SKYTOPIA is designed to make HKIA a destination generating its own foot traffic from the 86-million-strong Greater Bay Area population.
---Airlines & Destinations
Cathay Pacific — The Hub Carrier
Cathay Pacific (IATA: CX) is HKIA's dominant carrier and one of the world's most admired airlines, a founding member of the oneworld alliance and consistently ranked among the top 5 airlines globally by Skytrax. Cathay operates a large widebody fleet (Airbus A350 family as the core long-haul aircraft, plus A330 and Boeing 777) from Terminal 1, offering extensive international services across Asia, Europe, North America, Australasia, Africa, and the Middle East. The airline's key long-haul routes include:
- London Heathrow (multiple daily), London Gatwick, Manchester
- New York JFK (multiple daily), Los Angeles, San Francisco, Vancouver, Toronto
- Sydney, Melbourne, Auckland, Brisbane
- Tokyo Narita/Haneda, Osaka, Seoul, Singapore, Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur, Manila
- Frankfurt, Amsterdam, Paris, Zurich, Rome, Copenhagen
- Dubai, Doha, Riyadh, Nairobi, Johannesburg
Cathay's QSuites-equivalent business class product — Cathay Pacific Business Class — is available across most long-haul routes with fully-flat beds, direct-aisle access for every seat, and in-seat dining. The airline's Cathay First Class (available on select routes) is among the most acclaimed long-haul first class products.
HK Express
HK Express (IATA: UO), Cathay Pacific's low-cost subsidiary since 2015 (owned outright by Cathay since 2019), operates from HKIA to an extensive network of leisure destinations across Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia, and mainland China. HK Express confirmed to remain at T1. In Japan alone it serves over 15 destinations including Sapporo, Sendai, Okinawa, Kagoshima — routes not always operated by Cathay mainline — making it an important option for regional leisure travel.
Hong Kong Airlines
Hong Kong Airlines (IATA: HX) operates medium-haul routes to mainland China, Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia, and long-haul services to selected destinations including London Gatwick, Los Angeles, Vancouver, and Auckland. The airline has faced significant financial headwinds in recent years and its network is subject to change — verify current routes before booking.
Greater Bay Airlines
Greater Bay Airlines (IATA: HB), founded in 2021, is Hong Kong's newest scheduled carrier, operating primarily to mainland China destinations and selected regional routes. It is notably backed by interests connected to the mainland Chinese aviation sector and serves as a connectivity bridge to the Greater Bay Area market.
International Airlines (100+ total)
HKIA hosts approximately 100 international airlines including all major global carriers across alliances:
oneworld: Cathay Pacific (hub), British Airways, American Airlines, Finnair, Japan Airlines, Malaysia Airlines, Qantas, Royal Air Maroc, S7 Airlines, SriLankan Airlines
Star Alliance: Singapore Airlines (SilverKris Lounge, multiple daily), Air Canada, Lufthansa, Swiss, Austrian, United Airlines (United Club reopened Oct 2025), ANA, Thai Airways, Turkish Airlines, Air China, Air India
SkyTeam: Air France, KLM, China Eastern, China Southern, Korean Air, Vietnam Airlines, Garuda Indonesia, Delta Air Lines
Unaligned: Emirates, Etihad, Qatar Airways, IndiGo, Scoot, AirAsia X, Ethiopian Airlines (Hong Kong is a stopover/hub for Africa-Asia routes)
Cargo Airlines
HKIA's role as the world's busiest cargo airport is served by a dedicated Air Logistics Area (ALA) with world-class cargo terminals. Key operators include Air Hong Kong (Cathay Pacific Group's cargo subsidiary), Cathay Pacific Cargo, DHL (Central Asia Hub at HKIA since 2004 — the express cargo hub of Asia), FedEx, UPS (Asia-Pacific cargo hub), Lufthansa Cargo, Korean Air Cargo, Cargolux, and Atlas Air among dozens of others. The cargo complex processes hundreds of tonnes of freight per hour including ultra-time-sensitive pharmaceutical cargo, fresh food, and high-value electronics — the latter being the dominant cargo category given Hong Kong's position as the world's leading re-export centre for electronics.
---Distances & Travel Times
Distances from HKIA (Terminal 1)
| Destination | Distance | By Airport Express | By Taxi / Car |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hong Kong Station (Central / IFC) | 35 km | 24 min (HK$120 Octopus) | 30–55 min (HK$350–450) |
| Kowloon Station (Elements Mall, WKO) | 30 km | ~19 min (HK$105 Octopus) | 25–45 min (HK$250–350) |
| Tsim Sha Tsui (harbour front) | 28 km | ~22 min + short MTR | 25–45 min (HK$270–360) |
| Mong Kok | 30 km | ~22 min + MTR | 30–50 min (HK$300–380) |
| Causeway Bay | 38 km | ~28 min + MTR transfer | 35–60 min (HK$380–470) |
| Tung Chung Town Centre | 4 km | ~2 min (Tung Chung Line) | ~10 min (HK$65–90) |
| Hong Kong Disneyland (Penny's Bay) | 11 km | ~12 min by Lantau taxi | 15–20 min (HK$110–160) |
| Sha Tin (New Territories) | 32 km | ~30 min via AEL + MTR | 25–40 min (HK$200–300) |
| Kai Tak Sports Park (former Kai Tak Airport) | 42 km | ~35 min via AEL + MTR | 40–60 min (HK$400–500) |
| West Kowloon Cultural District | 30 km | ~20 min via AEL to HKS + taxi | 25–45 min (HK$280–360) |
| Ngong Ping 360 Cable Car base | 12 km (Lantau) | Bus from Tung Chung MTR | ~20 min by Lantau taxi (HK$150–220) |
| Macau (by ferry from SkyPier) | ~60 km by sea | ~60 min ferry | HK$180–350 ferry fare |
Passenger Statistics
Annual Passenger Traffic — Historical Trend
| Year | Total Passengers | Change YoY | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1998 | ~28 million | — | Opening year at Chek Lap Kok (from Kai Tak); partial year |
| 2003 | ~27 million | — | SARS epidemic impact |
| 2010 | ~50 million | — | Busiest airport in Asia by passengers this year |
| 2015 | ~68 million | — | Sustained rapid growth phase |
| 2018 | ~74 million | — | Near-peak; capacity constraints becoming evident |
| 2019 | 71.5 million | -3.4% | Pre-pandemic peak; Hong Kong protests caused H2 decline |
| 2020 | ~8.9 million | -87.6% | COVID-19 pandemic collapse; world's worst airport impact |
| 2021 | ~1.7 million | -81% | Zero-COVID policy; airport near-closure to passenger traffic |
| 2022 | ~2.7 million | +59% | Still near-closed; North Runway commissioned Nov 2022 |
| 2023 | ~39.6 million | +1,367% | Borders reopen Feb 2023; extraordinary recovery |
| 2024 | 53.1 million | +34.3% | ACI 2024 data; still ~74% of 2019 peak; cargo #1 globally |
| FY2024/25 | 54.9 million | +21.6% | AAHK fiscal year (Apr 2024–Mar 2025); strong momentum |
| H1 2025 | 29.4 million | +16.5% | Jan–Jun 2025; on pace for ~58–62M full year |
Key Operational Data 2024 (Calendar Year)
- Total passengers: 53.1 million (+34.3% vs 2023; ~74% of 2019 pre-pandemic peak of 71.5M)
- Flight movements: 363,305 (+31.6% YoY)
- Cargo throughput: 4.9 million tonnes (+14.0% YoY)
- Peak month (December 2024): 5.1 million passengers (+18.3% YoY); 33,550 flight movements (+12.5% YoY, approaching pre-pandemic daily records)
- Best-performing routes: Southeast Asia, Mainland China, Japan recorded highest growth in December 2024
- Cargo growth drivers: Exports +20.2% vs 2023; strongest growth in trade to/from Europe, North America, Middle East
Key Operational Data FY2024/25
- Total passengers: 54.9 million (+21.6%)
- Cargo throughput: 5.0 million tonnes (+10.3%) — World's busiest cargo airport for 14th time
- Flight movements: 373,050 (+20.5%)
- Three-Runway System: Commissioned 28 November 2024, on time and within budget
- ACI ranking: 9th busiest globally by international passenger traffic (2024, ACI World)
- Worldwide cargo ranking: #1 for 14th time (FY2024/25)
Rankings and Notable Records
- World's busiest cargo airport: 2010–present (excluding 2020), for 14th time in FY2024/25
- Busiest airport in Asia by passenger traffic: 2010 (subsequently overtaken by Beijing, Dubai for Asia-Pacific comparisons)
- ACI: 9th busiest globally by international passengers (2024)
- Skytrax 5-Star Airport Rating: Held consistently since inauguration
- Skytrax: Regularly ranked among world's top 5 airports; multiple "Best Airport in Asia" awards in pre-2019 era
- One of 10 greatest construction achievements of the 20th century: Recognition of the Chek Lap Kok reclamation and airport construction (1991–1998)
- Global air cargo leader: HKIA handles approximately 4% of global air cargo tonnage annually, processing goods worth an estimated US$600 billion+ in trade value
Frequently Asked Questions
Contact Information
Official HKIA Website
My HKG Mobile App
Hkia Social
Facebook: HongKongAirport
Instagram: @hongkongairport
SkyPier Ferry Enquiries
Phone: +852 2261 2688
Based on ferry operator operating hours
Cathay Pacific Customer Support
Phone: +852 2747 1888
24/7
Lost & Found
Phone: +852 2261 0110
Open: 24/7 (items lost on aircraft: contact your airline directly)
Car Park Reservations
https://www.hongkongairport.com/en/passenger-guide/getting-to-airport/car-parks.page
Airport Authority Hong Kong (AAHK) — General Enquiries
Phone: +852 2188 7111
24/7
MTR Customer Service Hotline
Phone: +852 2881 8888
6:00 AM – 1:00 AM daily
Pro Tips for Hong Kong International Airport
- The Airport Express station is on the ground level (Level 1) of Terminal 1 — follow green MTR signs from Arrivals. There are no fare gates at Airport Station itself; buy or tap your Octopus at the ticket machine in the Arrivals Hall before boarding. You'll need to exit through fare gates at your destination station. If you forget to buy a ticket before boarding, you can also buy at the destination — but this slows your exit.
- For transit passengers connecting at HKG for the first time: know your concourse. T1 Main Building, T1 Midfield Concourse, and T1 North Satellite Concourse are all connected by the free APM (Automated People Mover). The gate numbering system reflects the concourse: Gates 1–60 are in T1 Main, Gates 200–230 are in Midfield, Gates 500s are in the Satellite. Allow 20 minutes for an APM connection between far concourses. The Sky Bridge (connecting T1 Main to the Satellite Concourse) opened in 2022 as a beautiful landmark alternative to the APM for closer distances.
- Cathay Pacific The Wing Business Class Lounge's Long Bar — with counter seating directly overlooking the tarmac — is one of the most memorable lounge experiences at any airport in the world. If you have access and time, arrive 90+ minutes before departure specifically to spend time at the bar. The bar team is skilled; order off-menu cocktails or ask for their champagne selection.
- The SkyPier ferry service is a genuine gem for passengers continuing to Macau, Zhuhai, or Guangzhou. If this describes your onward journey, book ferry tickets in advance (the SkyPier operators have online booking) and follow signs to the SkyPier Terminal from the Arrivals Hall — do NOT clear immigration into Hong Kong if you are doing an airside-to-ferry transfer. The ferry check-in staff will guide you through the bonded transfer procedure.
- If you're flying Cathay Pacific, Hong Kong Airlines, Qantas, or Singapore Airlines, use the in-town check-in service at Hong Kong or Kowloon MTR station. Check in and drop your bags in the city up to 24 hours before departure, then travel to the airport unencumbered. This is one of the best quality-of-life travel features in aviation and is completely free. Allow 40–50 minutes before your target arrival time at the airport to check in comfortably at the city station.
- Get an Octopus Card immediately on arrival at the airport — counter A13 in the Arrivals Hall sells them (8 AM–9 PM). The HK$100 preloaded credit covers approximately 5 Airport Express trips or 20+ regular MTR journeys. The card works on all MTR lines, buses, trams, ferries, and many convenience stores throughout Hong Kong — it is the most essential item for any visitor beyond your passport.
- If arriving late (after 12:48 AM when the last Airport Express departs), take a red urban taxi for urban Hong Kong destinations. Fares are metered and regulated; carry HKD cash (HK$300–450 for Hong Kong Island or Kowloon). If you have the HKTaxi app installed and set up before landing, you can book and pay electronically — far more convenient than waiting in the taxi queue with heavy bags.
- Verify which terminal your airline departs from before heading to the airport, especially as T2 opens in phases from September 2025. Cathay Pacific and HK Express are at Terminal 1. As other airlines transition to T2, HKIA will update assignment lists — check your boarding pass and the HKIA website. Getting to the wrong terminal at HKG adds a shuttle bus journey and 20+ minutes.
- Underestimating the airport's distance from the city. HKG is 34 km from Central — by taxi, this costs HK$350–450 and takes 30–55 minutes. Many first-time visitors are surprised by the fare. The Airport Express at HK$120 Octopus in 24 minutes is almost always the right choice. The taxi fare savings versus a taxi (HK$230–330 saved per trip) easily justify buying an Octopus card on arrival even for a short visit.
- Skipping the Octopus card because 'I'll just use credit card.' Hong Kong taxis require cash — many do not accept cards, and those that do are inconsistent. The taxi queue at arrival peak times can be 20+ minutes. Having HKD cash and an Octopus card gives you maximum flexibility. ATMs in the Arrivals Hall dispense HKD; exchange rates are fair at HSBC and Hang Seng Bank ATMs.
- Missing the significance of HKIA's cargo infrastructure. Terminal 1's southern wing and the Air Logistics Area process some of the most economically valuable freight flows in the world — if you're arriving very early or late, the sound of widebody freighters taxiing on the apron below is a unique experience worth appreciating from the departure lounge windows. The airport genuinely never sleeps, and cargo operations continue at full intensity around the clock.